In the mountains, always carry layers of clothing because temperatures can shift rapidly.
At high altitude, move slowly to prevent altitude sickness and conserve energy.
Snow can be melted for drinking water, but always boil or filter it first.
Avoid avalanches by traveling early in the day before the sun softens the snowpack.
Look for animal tracks in mountain valleys, they often lead to water sources.
Build a lean-to or snow cave for shelter in mountain storms to preserve body heat.
Carry a whistle in the mountains, sound travels farther than your voice.
In cold climates, insulate yourself from the ground with pine boughs or clothing to avoid hypothermia.
Always check the weather in the mountains, storms can form in minutes.
Use rock overhangs or caves for shelter but check for wildlife before settling in.
In the desert, travel during early morning or late evening to conserve water and energy.
Shade is survival in the desert, build simple shelters with tarps or branches.
Wrap clothing loosely in the desert to stay cooler and prevent sunburn.
Digging for water in dry washes or at the base of plants can sometimes yield moisture.
Cacti may contain water, but some species are toxic—learn which are safe.
Conserve sweat, not water; avoid unnecessary exertion in the desert heat.
Watch birds in the desert, they often fly toward water sources at dawn and dusk.
Solar stills can be made in the desert by digging a pit, placing vegetation inside, and covering with plastic.
Rest during the hottest part of the day and travel when it is coolest.
If stranded in the desert, signal aircraft with mirrors, shiny metal, or even plastic.
On the ocean, always stay with the wreckage or raft because it is more visible than a lone swimmer.
Collect rainwater on the ocean using tarps, sails, or plastic sheets.
Do not drink seawater, dehydration will accelerate dangerously.
Fish and seaweed can provide food in ocean survival, but avoid unknown species.
Use clothing or fabric as improvised fishing nets in the ocean.
Saltwater sores heal slowly, rinse skin with rainwater whenever possible.
Sharks are curious but usually avoid splashing; remain calm and still in the water.
If adrift on the ocean, build a sunshade to prevent heatstroke.
Use sea anchor techniques with ropes or fabric to keep a raft facing waves.
Birds flying low over water can indicate nearby land in the ocean.
In the mountains, carry a map and compass because GPS can fail.
In the desert, bright fabrics or signal fires increase chances of rescue.
On the ocean, conserve energy by floating on your back when possible.
Mountains can mask sound; set up multiple signals like fires, whistles, and reflective flashes.
In deserts, bury containers of water in sand to keep them cooler.
At sea, ration food carefully; survival often depends more on hydration than calories.
In the mountains, snow blindness can be prevented by wearing sunglasses or improvised slitted eyewear.
Desert nights can be freezing; use rocks heated by the sun as improvised warmers.
In the ocean, seaweed can be dried and eaten, though not all is palatable.
Lightning storms in the mountains require moving away from peaks and isolated trees.
Scorpions and snakes in deserts hide under rocks—always check before resting.
Ocean survival requires signaling often, even if no ships are visible; planes can pass without notice.
Mountain streams can carry bacteria; purify water even if it looks clear.
In deserts, track animal prints; many lead to shade or water holes.
At sea, tie yourself to your raft if waves are high to avoid being separated.
Mountains demand calorie-dense foods like nuts and jerky to sustain energy.
Deserts demand covering your head; even a cloth can prevent heatstroke.
The ocean demands patience; survival can take days or weeks awaiting rescue.
Fire in the mountains offers warmth, light, and a rescue signal all at once.
Navigation by stars in the desert can orient you when landmarks are scarce.
In the mountains, moss on the north side of trees can provide directional clues.
Ocean navigation by the sun and stars can keep you moving in a consistent direction.
In deserts, insects often hover near water at dusk—follow their path.
Mountain rivers usually flow downhill into populated areas—follow them for rescue.
At sea, keep collected rainwater in multiple containers to avoid total loss if one leaks.
In deserts, wrap wet cloth around your neck to reduce heat stress.
At altitude, avoid alcohol and caffeine as they worsen dehydration.
On the ocean, conserve strength by resting in shade and limiting movement.
In the mountains, avoid cotton clothing; it stays wet and accelerates hypothermia.
In the desert, learn to identify edible plants like prickly pear cactus.
In the ocean, small fish can be used as bait to catch larger fish.
If lost in the mountains, climb high during the day to look for trails, smoke, or power lines.
In the desert, use reflective surfaces to flash signals during daylight.
On the ocean, use rhythmic signals with a mirror or flashlight for rescue.
At night in the desert, temperatures drop sharply—carry insulation even in hot climates.
In mountains, hypothermia can set in above freezing if you are wet and exposed to wind.
Rafts in the ocean can be patched with clothing, tape, or melted plastic.
In deserts, watch for condensation forming on metal or plastic surfaces overnight.
Snow in the mountains can be compacted into bricks to build a windbreak shelter.
On the ocean, edible plankton can be gathered using fine mesh or fabric.
In deserts, learn to follow dry riverbeds; they sometimes lead to villages.
Mountain valleys funnel sound—shouts or whistle blasts may travel farther downward.
Saltwater fish are generally safe, but avoid brightly colored or spiny species.
In deserts, carry a wide-brimmed hat; head protection drastically reduces heat stress.
Fire-starting in the mountains can be aided by pine resin, which burns even when wet.
For ocean survival, ration energy as carefully as food or water.
In the desert, a walking stick helps test sand depth and keeps balance.
In mountains, loose rock slopes require zigzagging to reduce risk of falls.
Shark encounters at sea require calm stillness—thrashing attracts attention.
In deserts, metal containers can distill water using heat and condensation.
Mountain climbing demands keeping three points of contact to prevent falls.
In deserts, cold mornings may allow longer travel before heat rises.
At sea, look for cloud formations; they often build above land masses.
In mountains, fire smoke during the day and firelight at night act as dual signals.
A survival mirror is one of the most effective rescue tools in all terrains.
In deserts, ration sips of water steadily rather than drinking all at once.
On the ocean, avoid eating unless you have enough water; digestion increases thirst.
In mountains, avalanche zones can be tested with a stick for snow layering.
In deserts, bury food scraps to avoid attracting animals or insects.
At sea, floating debris may attract fish and serve as a food source.
In mountains, always tell someone your route before setting out.
Desert storms can arrive suddenly; avoid washes that can flash flood.
On the ocean, lash supplies to the raft to prevent loss in rough water.
Mountain survival benefits from trekking poles for balance and endurance.
Desert survival benefits from learning night sky constellations for orientation.
Ocean survival benefits from conserving morale through songs or routines.
In mountains, carry dry tinder in a waterproof bag for emergency fire.
In deserts, watch the horizon shimmer—mirages can mislead, trust your compass.
In oceans, tie small water containers under the raft for cooling storage.
In mountains, keep an emergency blanket; it reflects heat and signals for rescue.
In deserts, never travel without telling others; rescues begin with knowledge of location.
On the ocean, patience is as important as skill; survival is endurance.
